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Documents - Pre-1949 China

Extracts from the Lockhart Report on the New Territory, 8 October, 1898, from Great Britain

December 13, 1901

Extracts from the Lockhart Report on the New Territory, 8 October, 1898, from Great Britain

Treaty between Koxinga and the Dutch Government 1662

December 13, 1901

Signed at Castle Zeelandia 1 February 1662

Treaty of Wangxia (Treaty of Wang-hsia 望廈條約), May 18, 1844

December 13, 1901

The first agreement between the United States of America and the Qing Empire. Wàngxià 望厦 was a village in Macau where the treaty was set.

The White Man's Burden 1899

December 13, 1901

"The White Man's Burden" is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. It was originally published in the popular magazine McClure's in 1899. It was a response to the U.S. taking over the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. Although Kipling's poem mixed exhortation to empire with sober warnings of the costs involved, imperialists within the United States understood the phrase "white man's burden" as a characterization for imperialism that justified the policy as a noble enterprise.

Chinese Exclusion Act May 6, 1882

December 13, 1901

This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. For the first time, Federal law proscribed entry of an ethnic working group on the premise that it endangered the good order of certain localities.

Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking), 1842

December 13, 1901

Teaty of Nanjing singed after the the Opium War between Britain and China

Boxer Protocol, 1901

December 13, 1901

Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China

John Hay, "Letter of Instruction," March 20, 1900

December 13, 1901

The U.S. Secretary of State John Hay sent this letter to U.S. ambassadors.

John Hay, "Update: U.S. Ambassadors," July 3, 1900

December 13, 1901

U.S. Secretary of State John Hay directed U.S. representatives abroad to convey American policy on China to their host governments.

Treaty of Tianjin (Tien-tsin), 1858

December 13, 1901

Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of China.

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