ࡱ> egd !7bjbj<< "V^^!/l l -----AAAAA,mDAZ:9999999(<>R9-9}--:}}}B--9}9}}n6--9_SA7 9 *:0Z:7?}?@9}-9l :   Multi-day lesson plan (day 3): TAOSIM Objectives: Students will be able to identify one philosophic thought that influenced the development and evolution of civilizations Students will be able to identify approach to life and the universe offered by Taoism Introduction: 1st day review Lao Tzu, a contemporary of Confucius, was the author of the ancient text Tao Te Ching. Tao has been translated as The way The path, Nature, Reason, Truth, the Law. However, unlike Confucianism which primarily appealed to the intellectual elite, the meaning of Taoism exists in everyday life and could be grasped by the poorest peasant. For the Chinese, Tao is an on-going process in which the individual participates and continues to discover. Class activity: Introduction Provide students with a copy of worksheet A Do popcorn reading of worksheet A Provide 6 minutes for students to answer the questions at the end of worksheet A Discuss the answers and clarify as needed Cooperative Learning Activity: The class will be divided into 5 groups. Each group will be given a different segment of the reading of Taoism. Each group will appoint a reader, a recorder, and a leader The reader will read the passage, the recorder will write the groups answers to the questions, the leader will question group members on the responses to the task. The reading and the task questions will be timed. The groups should be able to complete the exercise in 15 minutes. The leader will make sure each student signs off on the groups answers. The recorder will read the groups responses to the questions, while the teacher will prepare a chart on the board/overhead. Teacher will place the chart on the chalkboard and record group responses. Closing activity: Distribute the poem to class and read together. Discuss the question: What is the message of this poem? Worksheet A TAOISM: FOLLOWING THE WAY Taoism was another philosophy that shaped Chinese tradition. Little is known about its founder, Lao-Tse (low-dzoo). However, his teachings have survived in the Tao Te Ching, or The Way and Its Power. Like, Confucius, Lao-Tse was concerned with how to achieve a GOOD SOCIETY. However, he rejected the rules of behavior laid down by Confucius. Taoist philosophy stressed simplicity, meditation and closeness with nature. Lao-Tse taught that the goal of life was to become attuned to the TAO. The Tao was a universal force that could not be defined. It could only be felt. The Tao also meant the way or the road a person followed to reach that goal. Lao-Tse believed a person reached harmony with nature not by using reason but through contemplation. TO THE TAOIST, THE BEST GOVERNMENT WAS THE GOVERNMENT THAT GOVERNED THE LEAST. The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be. Taoism was BOTH A PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION. Yet it was concerned with ways of improving a persons life in this world rather than saving souls. The Chinese believed that spirits and ghost were everywhere and had to be appeased. Taoist priests provided charms and magic to influence the spirits. As a result, Taoism became very popular among the people. The Taoist emphasis on nature shaped Chinese science and technology. Taoists recorded movement of the planets, thereby gaining knowledge of astronomy. They also studied and recorded their observations in chemistry and botany. Questions: Define Tao: What kind of government did the Taoists favor? WORKSHEET B: A COOOPERATIVE LEARNING LESSON ON TAOISM (Edited and adapted from The Tao of Pooh, Benjamin Hoff, Penguin Books, Inc., 1983) Group 1: The How of Pooh? To Lao-Tzu, the harmony that naturally existed between heaven and earth could be found by anyone at anytime, but not by following the rules of the Confucianists. According to the Tao Te Ching, basically earth is a reflection of heaven and run by the same laws not by the laws of man. The more man interfered with the natural balance produced and goverened by the universal laws, the further away was harmony. Everything has it own nature within it it is heavy or it is light, wet or dry, fast or slow. If you violate that nature you will cause difficulties. When laws are set from the outside, it is inevitable that there will be difficulties and life will become sour. The world can teach us valuable lessons. If the lessons are learned, then all will go well. He advised that we should all join the dust of the world. Tao (the Way) operates behind everything in heaven and earth. We cannot describe the Way of the Universe in words. That would be insulting. According to the Tao Te Ching, what is earth? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What advice does Lao Tzu give about life? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group 2: The Tao of Who? We are about to explain the Uncarved Block. The basic principal of the Uncarved Block is that things in their orginial simplicity contain their own natural power. That power is easily spoiled and lost when that simplicity is changed. From the state of the Uncarved Block comes the ability to enjoy the simple and the quiet, the natural and plain. Along with that comes the ability to do things spontaneously and have them work. When you give up arrogance, complexity and a few other things that get in the way, sooner or later you will discover that simple, childlike and mysterous secret known to those of the Uncarved Block: Life is fun. What does Taoism mean by the term the Uncarved Block? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ According to Lao-tzu, how can a person come to enjoy life? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group 3: The What of Tao Literally, Wu Wei means doing nothing, causing or making. Practically speaking, it means not going against the nature of things; not tampering with things, no Monkeying around. When we learn to work with our own Inner Nature, and with the natural laws operating around us, we reach the level Wu Wei. Then we operate with the natural order of things. Since the natural world follows that principal. It does not make mistakes. Mistakes are made or imagined by man, the creature with the over loaded Brain who seperates himself from natural laws by interfering or trying too hard. If you follow Tao, things just happen in the right way at the right time. At least they do when you let them, when you would with circumstances instead of trying to hard to make things happen some other way. If you are in tune with The Way Things Work, then they work the way they need to. Even if you had tried to make things turn out better, and if you had really tried, you would have made a mess of the whole thing. What is meant by the natural order of things? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If we learn to work with our Inner Nature, how will that help our lives? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group 4: Nowhere and Nothing Many people are afraid of Emptiness because it reminds them of Loneliness. Sometimes we think that everything has to be filled in appointment books, hillsides, vacant lots. But when all the spaces are filled, Loneliness really begins. Then we join groups, we sign up for classes, we buy ourselves presents. When the Loneliness starts creeping in the door, we turn on the TV set to make it go away. But it doesnt go away. It starts when we are children, enjoying what is around us. Then we reach adolescence, still helpless but trying to appear independent. When we outgrow that stage we become adults seld sufficient individuals able and mature enough to help others as we have learned to help ourselves But the adult is not the highest stage of development. The end of the cycle is that of an independent, clear-minded, all-seeing Child. That is the level known as Wisdom. When the Tao Te Ching and other wise books say things like, Return to the beginnings; become a child again, thats what they are referring to. Why do the enlightened seem filled with light and happiness, like children? Why do they sometimes even look and talk like children? Because they are. The wise are Children Who Know. Their minds have been emptied of the countless small learnings, and filled with wisdom of the Great Nothing, the Way of the Universe. Why does Lao Tze want us to become a child again? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How can we become enlightened? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group 5: The Now of Tao A brain can do all kinds of things, but the things that it can do are not the most important things. Too many think too much and care too little. That mistake cannot continue for much longer if we are to survive. The one chance that we have to avoid certain disasters is to change our approach and to learn wisdom and contentment. We can no longer destroy all life on Earth as we know it. The masters of life know the Way, for they listen to the voice within them, the voice of wisdom and simplicity, the voice that reasons beyond Cleverness and knows beyond Knowledge. That voice has been given to everyone. Those who pay attention to it are too often treated as exceptions to a rule, rather than as examples of a rule in operation, a rule that can apply to anyone who makes use of it. Sometimes it is hard to hear the Voice, but it is important just the same, because without it, we will never find our way through the forrest. Why must we leave Knowledge and Cleverness behind us? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why must we listen to the voice within us? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * * * * * CHART What is the Philosophy of Taoism? The How The Who The What Nothing The Now ALL GROUPS RECEIVE A COPY OF THE UNTITLED POEM BELOW: To know the Way, We go the Way, We do the Way The Way we do The things we do. Its all there in front of you, But if you try too hard to see it, Youll only become confused. I am me, And you are you As you can see; And when we do The things that you can do, You will find the Way, And the Way will follow you. 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