ࡱ> OQN  +bjbj<< (>^^ #4'}''''''')J,R'''v}'}'%|U'.Ys.Y&q' '0'k&,,$U'U' _:   Multi-day lesson (day 2): CONFUCIANISM Objectives: Students will be able to identify one philosophic thought that influenced the development and evolution of civilizations Students will be able to identify approach to life and the universe offered by Confucianism Todays Introduction: Review from day 1 It is believed that Confucius lived from 551 470 b.c. During his lifetime, he traveled from one feudal state to another commenting upon the events of his time. Confucius was a teacher. His pupils were the sons of aristocracy and the philosopher hoped to influence government and policy through a set of rules for proper living. Few people paid attention to Confucius during his lifetime. Seven hundred years later, during the Han Dynasty, the teachings of Confucius were recognized and became the guiding principals of Chinese life and the basis of the Chinese educational system. Distribute Worksheet A Confucianism Have students in small groups read and complete the comprehension activities. Conduct a class discussion as volunteers share their answers. Distribute Worksheet B, What Did Confucius Say? Complete reading as a class, and allow time to complete questions 1-5. Close with the following discussion. (Allow students to answer questions individually to be ready to share): In China, children were raised to respect and honor their parents, their sisters and brothers and their ancestors. The Confucian ideas were part of every childs education and became the backbone of the nation. Do you think Confucian ideas and values can fit our society today? Explain Worksheet A: CONFUCIANISM Confucius was Chinas most influential and respected philosopher. He lived between 551BC and 479BC. He examined the ideas of right and wrong and was interested in how people related to one another. His concern for the Chinese living in densely populated cities was very real. His ideas, Confucianism, explained acceptable social behavior in all situations. Confucianism set up strict guidelines for proper behavior between people. The most basic concept in Confucian philosophy uses the idea of jen. Confucius defined jen as the human quality that leads people to live harmoniously in society. The idea of jen is partly to the idea of sympathy with other people and partly the idea of, That which you do not want done to you, do not do to others, as Confucius said. There is no word in English that quite has the same meaning. Confucius believed that the family was very important. In families, people learned how to act in society. The Chinese state was considered to be a large family with the emperor as father. In the two thousand years that Confucianism dominated Chinese thought, its basic principles were adapted to meet new challenges. Disciples of Confucianism often developed new ideas to offset other religious or philosophical ideas that challenged the basic system of Confucian thought. During the Tang Dynasty, for instance, Confucian thought was challenged by beliefs of Chinese Buddhists and Daoists. Eventually Confucianism incorporated many Daoist and Buddhist ideas. Confucian thought and its system of ethical relationships preserved order and structure in Chinese society for over two thousand years. These Chinese also used Confucianism to absorb their conquerors into the Chinese way of life. Confucian thought, however, seriously slowed the development of Chinese scholarship as well as economic development. Because the Chinese adhered so rigidly to the ideas of Confucianism, they often discarded foreign ideas. As a result, they did not readily adopt ideas in astronomy, mathematic and medicine from the Middle East. Neither did they learn how to use animal labor for crop cultivation. SOME TEACHINGS OF CONFUCIUS Based on the reading, complete the exercise stating whether Confucius strongly agreed or strongly disagreed with each of the following statements. Strong Agreed Strongly Disagreed Statement Leaders must take care of the people Leaders must love learning Leaders must be honest and fair to all people People of low rank must obey people of high rank Young people must obey their elders Wives must obey their husbands Property is more important than people It is important to impress others COMPREHENSION: Explaining Written Information Explain what Confucians mean when they speak of jen. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did Confucius view family? How was China compared to a family? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPLICATION Inferring Information Why did Confucius create his system of ethics and relationships? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did Confucianism aid the Chinese in conquering their conquerors? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What were the advantages of the Confucian system for China? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did Confucianism prove to be a disadvantage for the Chinese? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WORKSHEET B: WHAT DID CONFUCIUS SAY? Confucius was a teacher. Like many teachers, he was not considered a great success during his lifetime. He operated a small private school for the sons of the rich where he taught history, religious rites, morals and standards of behavior. The lessons were largely dialogues between the teacher and his students. When the teacher spoke the students took notes. The Analects is the record of the conversations between Confucius and his students. Confucius constantly taught that human beings were essentially alike in nature; differences were determined by environment, education, habits and preferences and individual lives. Confucius tried to form a guide to the way human beings ought to feel about themselves and others. He spoke of the principals of humaneness and filial piety (devotion to ones parents and family members) and the close link between morality and government. Confucius was away at the court and the stable burned. He asked, Any of the men hurt? He did not ask about the horses. Confucius said, In the old days men studied to make themselves; now they study to impress others. Young men should be filial in the home, and brotherly outside it; care of what they say but once said, stick to it; be agreeable to everyone, but develop friendship with real men; if they have any further energy left over, let them devote it to culture. Another student asked his teacher about filial piety. Confucius said, Present day filial piety consists of feeding the parents, as one would a dog or a horse; unless there is reverence, what difference is there? What is a proper man? He acts first and then his talk fits what he has done. The proper man seeks everything in himself, the small man tries to get everything from somebody else. A Duke asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, Prince to be prince; minister, minister; father, father; son, son. The Duke said, Good. I stand by that, if the prince be not prince, minister not minister, father not father, son not son, although there is grain, can I manage to eat it all? There are five activities of high importance under heaven, and they are practiced with three virtues. I mean there are obligations between prince and minister; between father and son; between husband and wife; between elder and younger brothers; and between friends. The three efficient virtues are; knowledge, humanity and energy; and they are to be united in practice, do not attempt to split them apart from each other. What is the Confucian definition of a proper man? According to Confucius, why is filial piety an important virtue? What rules for governing did Confucius give to the princes? How do these statements show us Confucius concern for humanity? Based upon what you have read, would you like to have been a student of Confucius? Why? Why not? Which of the statements attributed to Confucius has a special meaning for you? Explain your answer. 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